Thursday, October 31, 2019

Success in Social Commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Success in Social Commerce - Research Paper Example By the end, we draw the growth pattern of social commerce chronologically on the basis of business articles and educational publications starting from 2005 to 2011. A structure that unites people, administration, expertise, and the information scope is used to present an organized study of the progress of social commerce. Our assessment portrays that from 2005, the year the terminology social commerce had begun to be used, suppositions and perception of individual in social commerce moved from a universal depiction of human nature to an intensive research with diverse perspectives from social psychology to social culture, and economic environments. According to the administrative aspect, business plans and model develop from the short-tail to long-tail thinking with innovative notions such as branded social communities, forte social networks/communities, niche brands along with joint purchasing, and multichannel social systems (Wang & Zhang, 2012). According to our assessment, the ni che social networks/communities give power to smaller businesses in the cut throat commerce world. Success in Social Commerce Introduction Alongside the attractiveness and profitable achievement of social networking sites and different kinds of social channels, the term social commerce was envisaged in the year 2005, portraying a rising phenomenon (Beisel, 2006). For argument sake, we precisely define social commerce as a type of business that is arbitrated by social media. Social commerce uses social channels that assist social communication and involvement of the users to support activities in the business of different products and services conducted both online and offline (Afrasiabi & Benyoucef, 2010). It signifies prospective business opportunities that merge shopping and social networking via social media. The social media users enjoy many online activities that are similar to the offline activity mode, the online difference being the mode of attaining the activities, such as online shopping, online interaction with friends and so on. The challenge for the social media is to give a satisfactory experience to online users so that they switch to the online mode of shopping and socializing. Referral economy is a new category of e-commerce that is basically gaining from the positive aspects of information technology (Harkin, 2007). Discussion Social commerce where vendors advertise through social networks or intensely incorporate social media into the purchase procedure is already consumed by several major brands globally. Many brands advertise their products and services on the social media platforms and with this advertisement they are able to reach a wide audience. It is little in terms of profits but has a vivid – although uncertain – future (Brito, 2011). In technological terms, IT competencies and potential for social commerce develops from blogs, to social networking sites, to sites that share media and to smart phones. Despite the fact that Facebook becomes a moneymaking platform, developing the idea of f-commerce, Google and Twitter became tough competitors with immense possibilities as well (Gordon, 2007). The competition level in the social media platforms is immense and each social media platform has to provide some unique feature which is not present in other platforms.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Business Formation and Entrepreneurship Coursework

Business Formation and Entrepreneurship - Coursework Example Online marketing involves buying and selling of all types of products from food to spare parts to machineries and cars with only a few clicks of the mouse and online money transfer. Many people have either started companies online or shifted their physical company to operate online as well. Most people are spending much of their time on the internet and especially the social media and what this has done is expand this type of business immensely (Sheehan, 2010). The easy thing about online marketing is the convenience as well as saving of travelling and accommodation costs. An individual for example seeking to shop for the latest clothes fashion just logs into various fashion online shops and boutiques compares the prices and the quality as well as the shipping costs and time and makes the purchase. The seller is paid through a credit or debit card and the shipment is made. It is as easier as that and one can carry out transactions no matter the location whether in the office, in the car during traffic jam or even in the confines of one’s home (Leake, Vaccarello and Ginty,

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Dietary Requirements: Nutritional Restrictions

Dietary Requirements: Nutritional Restrictions Clear and effective communication between partners is central to working with children and young people, it allows partners to put the needs and requirements of the children first enabling them to achieve the best possible outcomes for the children and their family. Good communication between partners allows trust to be built between everyone and enables everybody concerned to share their views and have them considered and valued. Having clear and effective communication between partners helps with the collection and sharing of relevant information between all parties involved regarding the child, which may also contain sensitive information. Clear and effective communication also ensures that everyone is working towards the same aims helping to prevent any misunderstandings between partners, with one of the aims being working together to meet the emotional, health and educational needs of the children. It will also help with the process of collecting and maintaining information/reco rds about the children providing an understanding of the childrens needs and requirements which then allows partners to provide the correct activities for individual children and maintain a safe learning environment for the children and young people. Regarding the importance of effective communication between parents/carers, clear and effective communication encourages the parent, carer or legal guardian to seek advice when needed and to use services provided which is the key to establishing and maintaining working relationships. Clear lines of communication also allow the parent/carer to discuss issues more freely and resolve problems with ease between partners if they feel there is foundation of trust built and good communication. The policies and procedures in the work setting for information sharing are as follows, Information regarding the children must remain confidential Information must be stored/recorded as stated (Data Protection Act 1998) Confidentiality Respecting Confidentiality Establishments storing records on a PC must be registered on the Data Protection Register The Data Protection Act 1998 gives individuals the rights to view all information stored regarding themselves. Staff must be familiar and conform to the guidelines Confidential matters should not be discussed with colleagues unless necessary Information regarding the children, establishment and staff should not be shared with third parties unless it regards to safeguarding Confidential information must be handled with care stored securely Never leave sensitive paperwork/files unattended or where individuals who do not need to know will have access to them All records must be stored safely and password protected ensuring restricted access only Confidentiality within a setting is vital; breach of confidentiality is only acceptable when it is on a need-to-know basis. For example particular personal information may have to be shared with members of staff that specialize and deal with a childs health, welfare or well being. Working within this type of environment means particular information has to be gathered and recorded regarding the children and stored securely, this information includes: Names Addresses Contact Numbers Medical History Records Dietary Requirements/Nutritional Restrictions Family Changes Progress Reports Childs GP Dentist Details Emergency Contact Details Special Educational Needs SEN Sharing any of the above information is in fact a breach of confidentiality and should only be shared on a need-to-know basis, breaching confidentiality can cause great upset for a lot of individuals, loose trust and cause damage to working relationships. Breaching confidentiality within a childcare setting should only be done so in extreme circumstances, for example bullying, suspected child abuse and a medical emergency concerning the child. Within a childcare setting there is a responsibility to ensure that all information/records are correct, kept up to date and confidential, following the settings policies and guidelines and passed onto relevant staff members only. Information and details provided by the parents/carers is given in trust and concerns the child and their family. This information should only be shared between individuals who are directly involved with the child, for example a named carer or member of staff who works directly with the child. As a practitioner you may find yourself in a position where you want or need to share information but have been asked not to disclose any information. It may even be due to a matter of safeguarding a child within your care who you feel is at risk, putting you in a difficult position where you must break the confidence discussing it with your line manager. When you are in the position of having to share information and maintain confidentiality, conflicts or dilemmas may surface. For example you may find yourself being given confidential information by a parent who has trusted and confided in you as a practitioner discussing with you personal family issues, providing you with information regarding her husband leaving her and filing for divorce resulting in her feeling that she cannot manage and is also struggling to manage but requests that no one else is to be told this information. But as a practitioner being given this type of information gives an automatic concern for the child or young persons welfare. This then may result in causing conflict or dilemma because you were placed in a position of trust and confidentiality by the parent who confided in you and specifically asked you not to tell anyone else but you are also in a position where you must consider the welfare of the child or young person and speak to your line manager, the manager has to know this information in order to care for the child effectively bearing in mind the Children Act 1989 The w elfare of the child is paramount. But it is important that the parent(s) is informed that you are going to tell your line manager this information. Conflicts or dilemmas may also arise if a concern has been made about a child by for example a practitioner, key worker or manager directly to the childs parents. The parents may in fact feel there is no reason for concern or that there is nothing wrong and therefore request that there is no further action to be taken or required and that no confidential information is to be shared with any other outside agencies. Putting the person with concern in a difficult position as this concern regards the welfare of the child or young person involved. You may also find conflicts or dilemmas arising in relation to sharing information with partners and maintaining confidentiality in situations such as having concerns regarding a childs welfare because for example you have observed frequent bruising and the child is now refusing to get changed for P.E and appears nervous and jumpy. You want to share this information but it would be inappropriate to ask permission from the childs parents as this could possibly put the child at further risk of harm. Finding yourself in a very difficult position where you want to share information with a senior member of staff e.g. Line Manager or possibly with outside agencies. It is important to record information clearly, accurately, legibly and concisely, meeting legal requirements to ensure any decisions or actions that have been put into place for a child or young person are not forgotten or lost and to ensure that written records are not misspelt, are containing incomplete sentences and long confusing paragraphs making it more time consuming for an individual to find the information they are want. This also allows everyone involved regarding a child or young person to receive the most accurate and up to date information and records when required and will enable individuals to refer back to the information for future reference and for the monitoring of children and young peoples behaviour patterns, giving an insight on whether the childs behaviour has improved or gotten worse over time. It will also prevent any misunderstandings with any future reference at a later date and prevent any complications reading back on the written records. It is also impor tant because all written records need to be up to date, dated and signed to meet the legal requirements of the Data Protection Act 1998. All settings handling personal and sensitive information/records have a number of legal obligations to protect this information under the Data Protection Act 1998. Information must also be recorded clearly, accurately, legibly and concisely, meeting legal requirements for self protection reasons to ensure that there is documented evidence in the case of something happening, which will abide by the procedures and policies put in place within your setting. Communications and records are recorded and securely stored meeting data protection requirements by carefully carrying out the following: All written records must be stored carefully All records must be adequate, sufficient and relevant Paper records should be kept stored in a locked filing cabinet Electronic records must be (password protected) Invoices, bills and money details are to be stored in locked files (password protected) on the computer. Personal details about each child are to be kept within locked files and password protected documents on the computer. All records must be maintained, kept up to date and accurate Records and recording must comply with the Data Protection Act 1998 Personal information must be kept securely only used for the purposes it was originally stated for. Records must be kept safe and secure away from any unauthorized access. Within the setting the following actions are taken to record and store information securely meeting data protection requirements Invoices, bills, money details Are stored in locked files (password protected) on the computer which are only accessible to the manager. Outside agencies If there has been a meeting of any kind with an outside agency regarding a child or young person within the setting a detailed and clear report must be typed up and a copy of the report distributed to only the relevant concerning parties involved with the child or young person. Personal details about each child Each child within the setting has their own individual file containing personal and sensitive information from things such as letters to parents/carers to special dietary requirements. These files are securely locked away within a filing cabinet where they must be kept and used only for the purposes originally stated. They are not to be shared with anyone other than the parents unless they have given permission to do so. Child protection records When making a child protection record an appropriate form is to be completed recording the concerns. The written record should consist of relevant details and accurate information. These sensitive records are then locked away and strictly controlled where only limited staff can have access, they are not to be kept on file for any longer than a 6 year period. Child development records Child development records are made by observing a child or young person on a daily basis and filling out an observation form and keeping a daily diary sometimes including photographs. These records are only shared with the childs family and contain sensitive confidential information which is then kept stored individually and securely. All young children within a setting have their development monitored and recorded on day-to-day basis but if a member of staff believes there is reason for concern or a parent/carer shares concerns regarding their childs development a meeting will be arranged where the concerns can be shared, the childs development record reviewed and where information can be gathered on the childs home life. If the conclusion is that the child in fact requires additional help and support with their development then the manager within the setting will complete the appropriate forms, which will then be sent to the corresponding agency(s) that will make contact with the parents/carers. For example a child who has been assessed as having a speech impediment would be referred to a speech and language team/therapist that will then assess the child and establish a programme that would then be put in place for them which would then be implemented by the teachers and TAs within a school setting. They may als o arrange one to one sessions for the child with the consent of the parents/carers and will assess the child to help recognize the cause of the speech problem or delay. Referrals are made to ensure that a child or young person is receiving the best possible outcome and start in life. Referrals are usually made by practitioners who observe and make recordings of the childs development and may pick up on any additional support needed, problems or difficulties the child may be experiencing. It is important to indentify a child or young persons needs as early as possible to ensure that the childs needs are assessed quickly and that they are referred to the appropriate setting or agency. Referrals are made for many different reasons such as concerns regarding a childs safety and welfare or well being etc. When a referral is required for a child who is in need it should ideally be accompanied by the consent of the childs parents/carers. If a child or young person is suffering significant harm or abuse then social services will be involved in their case, in some cases depending on the severity of the harm the police may be involved. Other children may suffer from different problems such as emotional and/or learning difficulties. For example a child who has been assessed as having separation anxiety and sensory issues may be referred to CAMHS where they will under go different investigations and have an occupational therapy assessment and may be seen by a child psychologist. Or a child may be displaying signs of behaviour problems and thought to be displaying signs and symptoms of ADHD such as inattention during class time. And therefore may be referred for an ADHD asse ssment after under going a CAF assessment. They may then be referred to a hospital and consultant where further testing may take place to find out the outcome. When a child is thought to be in need of additional help or support then a common framework is put into place known as CAF, CAF firstly provides a checklist to ensure that the childs needs are being met and are up to the standard requirements. If the childs needs meet the CAF standards required according to the checklist then a meeting would be held where the childs needs would be accessed and possible support would be discussed within the group, giving the practitioner the opportunity to share their assessments, plans and recommendations for support. It is important to provide a precise, accurate and factual view on the childs specific needs and requirements including both their strengths and weaknesses. A decision should then be made after the meeting on whether further support is required and a CAF may only then be completed once you have made an agreement with your manager and the childs parents/carers on whether the child requires additional help and support which is not provide d within the setting. During the CAF procedure the agreement will contain permission to share the findings of the CAF assessment with other agencies as sometimes outside agencies may need to be brought into the equation for the benefit of the child and their needs. You must have the parents permission for the competition of the CAF process when it is concerning a child and they should be kept well informed but a young person is required to give permission themselves. On competition of the assessment a plan must be built addressing the childs needs, this should consist of short and achievable goals for the child and should include how these targets can be achieved. Plans must be reviewed and updated on a regular occurrence and referrals must involve the parents/carers and a senior member of staff.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Change Blindness Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Essays

Change Blindness After investigating spatial cognition and the construction of cognitive maps in my previous paper, "Where Am I Going? Where Have I Been: Spatial Cognition and Navigation", and growing in my comprehension of the more complex elements of the nervous system, the development of an informed discussion of human perception has become possible. The formation of cognitive maps, which serve as internal representations of the world, are dependent upon the human capacities for vision and visual perception (1). The objects introduced into the field of vision are translated into electrical messages, which activate the neurons of the retina. The resultant retinal message is organized into several forms of sensation and is transmitted to the brain so that neural representations of given surroundings may be recorded as memory (2). I suggested in my previous paper that these neural representations must be maintained and progressively updated with each successive change in environment and movement of the eye. Furthermore, I claimed that this information processing produces a constant, stable experience of a dynamic, external world (1). However, myriad studies and the testimony of any motorist who has had the unfortunate experience of hitting an unseen object, contradict the universality of that claim and illuminate a startling reality: human beings do not always see those objects presented in their visual field nor alterations in an observed scene (3,4,5,6,7,8,9). The failure to consciously witness change when distracted for mere milliseconds by saccade or artificial blink events is referred to as "change blindness." In order to comprehend this phenomenon, the physical act of looking and the process of seeing must be diffe... ...47/print 5)Cognet, a site on Cognition http://cognet.mit.edu/perspective/item.tcl?msg_id=00005N 6)Memory For centrally attended changing objects in an incidental real world change, An article by Levin, Simons, Angelone, and Chabris http://wjg.harvard.edu/~cfc/Levin2002.pdf 7) Scott-Brown, K.C. & Orbach, H.S. (1998) "Contrast Discrimination, Non-Uniform Patterns and Change Blindness". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 256 (1410): 2159-2164. 8)Max Planck Institute http://wjg.harvard.edu/~cfc/Levin2002.pdf 9)A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness , Behavioral and Brain Sciences article from 2001 http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/05/06/bbs00000506-00/index.html 10)Glasgow Caledonian University, current research in vision sciences http://www.gcal.ac.uk/sls/Vision/index.htmlresearch/current_research/h.html

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Reactive, Proactive Patrols Essay

In policing there are two types of patrol, reactive and proactive patrol. Reactive patrol is based on crimes after they are committed. Proactive patrol is based on preventing crime rather than responding to crimes after they were committed. If police departments adopted one type of patrol there would be consequences. If police departments adopted reactive patrols, then there would be no way to prevent crimes. Police would only show up after a crime was committed and there would be an increase in crime. There would be an increase of criminal activity, traffic accidents, and a decrease in community approval of police. If police adopted the proactive patrol, then there would be more patrol in problem areas where crime is higher than other areas. This type of patrol is good to prevent crime, but if adopted it would cause the community to have little approval of the police, because it could cause crimes to be all over instead of a specific area. It would also cause officers to target crimes instead of respond to calls about crimes. In my opinion, a police department would be better suited for criminal activity if they keep both types of patrol rather than adopt one type; it would make the department more conductive and community oriented. CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify that the attached paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings. Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Tanahya Young XCOM/285 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION 3/3/2013 ALISA JACKSON Communicating on the Job The communication involvement daily is a valued part of my process to complete the details of duties outline in my position description. I am required to listen to the spoke and unspoken during interactions with clients. My organization requires that myself and team members have efficient communication with each other and the clients that require our professional assistance.The communication with in the office must stay a flow along with all lines of the process. There is an immediate demand for effective communication from the processing department, to the office and directly to the client themselves. Management with Communication Technology maintains and organizes my daily activities. Technology advancements provide instant communication with the click of a button. I use several computer software databases daily to access much needed inform ation. Moreover, technology makes communications across the globe seem much closer.Instant communication access assists daily with contacting others with in the organization in other locations especially since many are in other locations. Almost all office employees are expected to know how to navigate through the Web and to use word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software. Trends in Business Communication Keeping a look out for trends in business in my organization is a way of supplying efficient customer service. When there is a trend identified the communication factor is a must to get the message out.The next line of business once a trend has been identified is to define and map out a plan for resolving the issue. Identifying trends and solving the issue of the trend is a team effort. There is involvement with revealing where the issue evolved from and all of the subject matter that created the issue. Then there is a process of elimination with every team member’s input on their take of the trend where email, Same Time communications and direct letters to clientele for notification.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

scream 3 essays

scream 3 essays Scream is a movie created by Wes Craven (creator of A Nightmare on Elm Street) is a turn of the tables on the typical horror flick. The problem with todays slasher movies is that the characters are all one-note stereotypes, the plots are ridiculous, the action always follows the same dreary pattern, and the only creative effort is in the new bloody makeup effects. Wes Craven changes all this. He reinvents what makes going to the movie such a thrill by scaring you all over again. The killer in Scream is very eccentric, in that, he can quote literally all of every other horror film ever made! He uses this talent by terrorizing certain teens in a California town. At the top of the killers list is Sidney who is played by Neve Cambell. Her past is what has makes her the killers target. Her mother died one-year back in a brutal murder, (which is somehow linked to the killer) so she is too depressed to make time for her boyfriend (Skeet Ulrich.) She is also very upset at a tabloid-TV reporter ("Friends" co-star Courtney Cox) because her book claims that Sidney pointed at the wrong guy responsible for her mothers death. The first scene of Scream, in which Drew Barrymore is used as the killers first success, makes the audience sit at the edge of their seats throughout the rest of the movie! First, Barrymore gets a mysterious call while making popcorn. Just few minutes later, a failed trivia quiz made by the killer about "Friday the 13th" leads to a murder that puts a small California community on the alert. David Arquette, who played Dooy, is goofily charming as a semi-naive deputy who's infatuated with Cox. He is a less than qualified deputy who is truly committed in attempting to keep his sister, her best friend Sidney, and of course Courtney Cox safe. The real action of the movie really gets rolling at a teen keg party - the prime location for any slice-and-dice movie....

Monday, October 21, 2019

How Long Before the SAT Should You Prep 4 Key Tips

How Long Before the SAT Should You Prep 4 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I get this question from students a lot, and it's definitely an important one: how long before the SAT should you begin preparing for it? Moreover, how long is too long (you won't remember the material)? And how long is too short (you won't have enough time to study)? You'll need to know how to answer these questions if you wish to study effectively. Our four most important tips will help you determine when you should start studying for the SAT. Tip 1: Figure Out How Many Hours You Can Study per Week First things first: how busy of a student are you? Do you only have an hour every Thursday night to study because all your free time is taken up by classes and activities? Or are you the type who can easily free up three hours a day five days a week to study for the SAT? As a rule of thumb, you should spend at least 10 hours on SAT prep. If you can't study for more than 10 hours, it's rarely worth it to take the test. Considering that the SAT itself can take up six or more hours of your time (if you count driving time and immediate prep, that is), it just seems silly not to spend at least this amount of time studying for it! A much better baseline to use is 40 hours of prep. In this case, every hour can substantially help you. By contrast, a full-on, supercharged study regimen, like a boot camp, is closer to 100 hours. Here is a chart of possible SAT study times. Especially good combos are marked with an asterisk: Study Hrs per Week Minimum Baseline Full Study 1 hour 2 months 8 months Not recommended 2 hours 1 month 4 months* 10 months 5 hours 2 weeks 1.5 months* 4 months 10 hours 1 week 1 month* 2 months* 20 hours (summer) Not recommended 2 weeks 1 month* It's important to figure out how many hours you specifically will need to improve by in order to get the ACT score you want. Here's what to do: first, set an SAT goal score. This score is the one most likely to get you accepted into all the schools you're applying to. To find this number, follow the instructions in our guide to a good SAT score. Next, figure out your baseline score by taking an official SAT practice test. This score is essentially a starting point for your SAT prep. Once you have both your baseline and goal scores, it's time to calculate how long you'll need to study. To do this, simply subtract your baseline score from your goal score. In general, the more time you devote to studying, the higher the score you increase you can expect to have. Here are our estimates for the total number of hours you'll need to prep based on the SAT score improvement you want: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours+ Now that you know how many hours you'll need to study for the SAT, you can calculate possible weekly or monthly schedules based on how much free time you have each week. For example, if I want to improve my SAT score by 100 points, I'll need to study for around 40 hours. Thus, I could study about four hours a week if I have two and a half months before test day, or 10 hours a week if I only have a month left. To get a better idea of how many hours you could have at max available to you in a week, month, or year for studying, you can read through our article on how many minutes/seconds/hours there are in a day/week/year. Tip 2: Pick a Convenient Test Date Choosing an SAT test date that gives you plenty of time to study and works well with your schedule is vital for quality prep. Typically, it's best to choose a date at least a few months ahead of time so you can easily tweak your schedule to make time for study sessions. If you choose a date that's very soon (i.e., less than a month before the test), you won't have as much time to study or rearrange your schedule. (On a related note, picking a date early also means avoiding having to pay late registration fees.) Furthermore, pick a date that doesn't have much going on around it. This way you won't have to shift your activities too much and will be able to dedicate more time to studying without having to worry about other obligations or events going on. Tip 3: Don't Study Too Far Ahead or You'll Forget What You've Learned In your SAT study plan, there are some skills I don't recommend studying hard until you're closer to your test date. Study them too early and you're more likely to forget them! That said, some things are good to start studying early. These are the skills and content you're less likely to forget later on, such as the following: Vocabulary (I still remember mine from when I took the SAT!) Basic math There are some things I don't recommend studying more than a year before your test. Study this early and you'll forget more than 50% of what you learned! Instead, it's better to concentrate the time you have on the following: Learning key test-taking strategies, such as the process of elimination Taking official practice tests Finally, these are the things I don't recommend doing until at least two months before your test: Getting used to the SAT format with multiple practice tests Doing one or more dry runs so you can get used to the length (and fatigue) of the test In summary, it's rarely too early to start, but if you're thinking of starting some intense prep more than a year in advance, think carefully about when you approach new topics. Tip 4: Try to Study for At Least 2 Weeks in Total If you've only got a week or two to study, the information you learn won't have enough time to sink in. Ultimately, you have to give your brain adequate time to retain new SAT concepts! So try to study, at a minimum, at least two weeks before your test. A month or longer is, of course, even better. If test day's coming up, though, and you have very, very little time to study, don't freak out! You can still get a good score as long as you utilize the time you do have wisely. Our guide on how to cram for the SAT tells you exactly what to do in this scenario. What's Next? Planning to spend a year or more studying for the SAT? Then you'll definitely want to check out our comprehensive one-year SAT study plan. In this guide, we show you what an effective year-long study plan looks like. Only got a month to study for the SAT? Don't worry- our extensive guide walks you through the steps you'll need to take to be able to hit your goal score within just 30 days. Not sure what SAT score to aim for on test day? Learn what a good SAT score is for you and for the colleges you're applying to. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Assignment #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

#1 - Assignment Example Based on your response, a reader should clearly be able to decide when an entity or event qualifies as an instance of this concept. Systematized Concept –A failed state is a sovereign state that has failed in providing its citizens with some of the basic conditions like security, education and health care usually due to poverty or fractious

Saturday, October 19, 2019

ACE Program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ACE Program - Case Study Example The patient underwent a cystoscopy and was diagnosed with cervical cancer. The doctor recommended daily pelvic radiation therapy and weekly cisplation at 30 mg/m^2.The patient has reported reduced abdominal pain; however she reports increased fatigue and shortness of breath and exertion. As she is also a very aged woman she frequently loses temper with the doctors and starts shouting and throwing things about. Nurses consider her as a very difficult patient and are afraid of being put on her duty. She is also reported to have serious lifestyle issues. She has been reported to smoke 1 pack of cigarettes daily and also drinks 4 beers on an average per day. She gets very irritated these days as she is not allowed to smoke inside the hospital complex. I was put on her duty after she had been at the hospital for about one week. When I went to meet her she was very irritated and started shouting at me. I decided to act nicely and patiently handled her tantrums. I never tried to shout back and didn’t ask any other nurse to take duty in my place. She warmed up to me after 3 days and asked my name. I took this opportunity to have a chat with her and ask her about her health. After winning her confidence my first step was to educate her about cervical cancer. She was completely unaware as to why she was admitted to the hospital. I patiently told her about her condition and also elaborated on the steps being taken to make her fit again. She was quite receptive to this and in fact wanted to know more about cervical cancer. Within 2 days she was discussing about her reports and asked me about her white blood cell count. I then decided to discuss self management with her in the presence of her grandsons. Cervical cancer had caused her to lose her appetitive .She was also witnessing the side effects of treatment such as nausea , and sores inside her mouth which made eating difficult. I contacted the hospital’s nutritionist and also consulted her doctor in prepar ing a diet plan for her which will make sure that her calorie and protein intake are appropriate. I also encouraged her family members to be present with her as much as they can. I presented her grandson with a game of chess and asked her to play it with her grandma. This was essential so that she maintains mild levels of physical activity and energy levels remain up. After this I decided to study her medical report in detail. The treatment plan for her was cisplation 30 mg/m^2 intravenously weekly with concurrent pelvic radiation therapy daily. I saw that pelvic radiation therapy was making her constipated. This was probably one of the reasons for her irritable behavior. I consulted with the doctor about this problem and we recommended her docusate sodium in order to make her bowl movements more comfortable. As she followed the above mentioned advices her behavior considerably improved over the weeks. She still was fatigued but was responding to treatment and being less irritable. Once this was achieved I now decided to address her problem of smoking and alcohol. Smoking has been identified as one of the reasons of cervical cancer. I prepared a chart for her which would slowly her to reduce her smoking habits. It was essential that she was shown reasons to quit smoking. She always said that she has lived with a cigarette for 30 of her 66 years; she is not going to abandon it in the end. I took the help of hospital’s psychologist and tried to show her what all she will miss if she dies due to smoking. It took a long time to convince her but she was finally prepared to give it a try although she was not completely convinced. Benner’

Friday, October 18, 2019

Answering questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answering questions - Essay Example I think, this is the main ambivalence of the first paragraph. Also, the author calls this desire a â€Å"shame†, but at the same time he is angry that his wood is intercepted by a public foot-path. His feelings of a property owner are interfered with his consciousness. Forster assumes that â€Å"creation, property, enjoyment form a sinister trinity in the human mind† (Forster 263). According to the author, a man owning property â€Å"ought to do something to it†. Property brings restlessness, which is different from the same restlessness accompanying the act of creation. Property can substitute the material basis needed for creation and enjoyment (which are both good, as the author writes). He thinks that our world is â€Å"material and carnal† and that we should learn how â€Å"to manage our materialism and carnality†. I can’t agree with the author on that. Forster, for example, mentions Tolstoy and his negative attitude to property. But, as a matter of fact, Tolstoy was an earl; he owned a large estate with slaves and was definitely a man of property. Property allowed him to obtain a good education and a material basis to create, i.e. he could waste no time on earning his living, but spend it on thinking and wr iting. Therefore, possessing property does not always mean â€Å"restlessness† about it. However, there are exceptions, but it only means that one should not be so categorical in this issue. II. In her essay Toynbee elaborates on Richard Wilkinson’s idea that inequality is the main peril of society. For her â€Å"equality for its own sake† means a better and healthier society. This opinion is based on Wilkinson’s assumptions that â€Å"social environment can be more toxic than any pollutant† (cited in Toynbee 365). In simple words, poor people see the rich and it leads to envy and other negative emotions, which, in their turn, lead to unhealthy life. It can be proved, the author argues, by the experiments with animals. And since

Appraising the Research Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Appraising the Research Evidence - Essay Example Rapid Risk Assessment in Acute Hospital for Patients with Intellectual Disabilities Background to the Study Nurses that work with patients with intellectual disabilities are faced with various challenges. For instance, they are required to use evidence based practice while treating their patients. However, there is not adequate and clear research regarding evidence based practices for safety available to nurses. This brings up debates regarding practices that will ensure safety and quality care for people with intellectual disabilities. Nurses are required to check out current evidence based interventions that are suitable for treating these patients. Calls have also been made against using unfounded and pseudoscientific interventions to treat these patients. There is increased pressure on nurses to ensure their practices are based on sound evidence. Evidence based practice has gained influence as an approach to clinical decision making. As health care becomes more and more evidence based, nurses are required to be aware of the skills, resources and principles needed for evidence based practices (Kline et al., 2011). There are doubts regarding just how effective and applicable the results of evidence based treatments are to the general clinical application. Nurses continue to handle patients with complex life experiences and also those that have very severe intellectual disabilities. These stressful circumstances will undermine participation of treatment and can ultimately contribute to non-adherence to available treatment options (Read and Johnson, 2012). Advances in medical care ensure that life expectancy of individuals with intellectual disabilities approaches that of quite normal and healthy people. Severe intellectual disabilities are mostly accompanied by other medical conditions and physical disabilities. Health care needs of people with intellectual disabilities should, therefore, be met by mainstream health services. Highly skilled nurses are also req uired to work with these patients as they have a high intensity of health care support needs. Research conducted into this group of patients revealed some areas of concern. These areas include inadequate patient assessment as well as inadequate communication between nurse and patient. It is essential for nurses and patients to communicate effectively as this will help them understand their health needs and they will be able to prevent frequent admissions to hospital. Delivery of quality health care relies upon a series of interaction between a patient and clinician (Hart, 2010). Interaction will assist the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and provide suitable treatment option. Each acute health care facility is required to conduct a proactive risk assessment using risk assessment tools. This provides avenues for identifying, reducing and prioritizing risks associated with patient safety. This enables clinicians to choose appropriate treatment options, therefore, reducing the chances of developing undesirable outcomes in patients. Health care is a high risk industry that is prone to serious errors. However, clinicians, through evidence based research, can reduce the chances of making medical errors. Commonly cited barriers to use of evidence based practices by clinicians include information overload, limited time, lack of research evidence as well as lack of skills

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Talk about Henri Cartier-Bresson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Talk about Henri Cartier-Bresson - Essay Example This biography tries to make a journey through his life that was all about making a history of photography with outstanding moments of achievements from the rarest events in the chronicle of world politics and his revolutionary vision in the future of photojournalism. Early life Henri Cartier-Bresson was the first of the five children born to a rather wealthy family based on textile manufacturing industry on August 22, 1908 in Chanteloup-en-Brie in France (Encyclopedia of World Biography). His hometown and the support of his family provided him with the facilities required for his choosing the desired path; and the young Henri embraced the art of sketching at every free minute-probably as a foundation for his development as a photographer later. Right from his childhood, Cartier-Bresson has a fascination for handling snapshot cameras and cherished a secret love for being a photographer despite his father’s ambition to make him his successor in the family business. One cannot b lame Henri for his passion for the art of drawing because his father himself had a fine hand to hold the brush socked in colors at leisure. Cartier-Bresson’s life took a blissful turn when he realized that his attempts on music lessons were becoming futile-exactly when he compensated his loss at music learning by switching to painting as a subject of study under the guidance of his uncle who taught Henri until he died in World War I (Encyclopedia of World Biography). His real professionalism started in 1927 when he explored the wider spectrum of visual arts exposed by many great artists of that time. He learned the art of blending French classical painting with contemporary and modern art models and adopted the ambitious approach of the great sculptor and cubist painter Andre Lhote, whom Henri later held as his educator and considered excellence in sculpture designs as photography of imagination. Cartier-Bresson’s self-motivated enthusiasm to experiment his own styles in art modeling was not an easy bit for Lhote, who had always focused on the theoretical perfection of every artist. Thus an eventual restlessness in Cartier-Bresson’s self-styled interior might have caused the making of a completely innovative cameraman, who became the apt personality to be called ‘the father of modern photography’ in due course. Entry into Active Photography The transformation of a conservative businessman’s son to a matchless photographer of the world history was not something that happened overnight. The two-year study on painting and the experimental approach had a little break from Cartier-Bresson’s life when he was compelled to move out of Paris in 1931 when he went Africa (Henri Cartier-Bresson Facts). The new land of wild beauty and the delightful taste of a hunter’s hungry eyes did not last long-Henri realized that the beasts had beauty to be captured. In fact his African expedition nurtured his early skills in adve nturous photography by which he learned the art of framing the exquisiteness of his surroundings. For this regard, he adopted a 35mm Leica and created magical effects on photo shoot with spectacular accuracy and clarity. At such an early time itself Cartier-Bresson was well equipped with lenses matching the contexts with cameras fit enough to do

Corporate Governance and Revised Combined Code Essay

Corporate Governance and Revised Combined Code - Essay Example This was damaging both to the British economy and to the City of London as a market for investors. This series of situations prompted the Stock Exchange to launch the Cadbury Inquiry into the financial aspects of corporate governance in 1990. Corporate governance had become important. The Cadbury Committee Report of December 1992 defines corporate governance (CG) as 'a system by which companies are directed and controlled. Boards of directors are responsible for the governance of their companies. The shareholders' role in governance is to appoint the directors and the auditors and to satisfy themselves that the appropriate governance structure is in place.' The Higgs Report, 10 years later, however, defined CG as, 'a system that provides an architecture of accountability - the structures and processes to ensure companies are managed in the interests of their owners.' The OECD Report of April 1998 provides an international view of corporate governance. It says that 'Corporate governance comprehends that structure of relationships and corresponding responsibilities among a core group consisting of shareholders, board members and managers are best designed to foster the competitive performance required to achieve the corporation's primary objective.' A number of best practices code in CG has emerged as a result ... andard good practices for all company related matters such as board composition and development, remuneration, accountability and audit and relations with shareholders. The Cadbury Committee (1992) recognised that the board of directors in a company should be free to drive their companies ahead but at the same time function within a framework of accountability. The Code was updated by the Hampel Committee in 1998, embracing the recommendations of the Cadbury and Greenbury committee, as well as the Hampel committee. The Combined Code was updated in 2003 with the recommendations of the Higgs Report about the role of non-executive directors and the role of the audit committee (the Smith Report). During this time the UK Government also confirmed that the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) was to have the responsibility for publishing and maintaining the Code. In 2006, further changes were made by the FRC to the code. The latest consultations on a proposal to revise the Combined Code will end in March 2010, after which the UK Corporate Governance Code, as it will be known, will apply to financial years beginning on or after 29 June 2010. First introduced in 1998, The Combined Code has been updated at intervals. The current version of the Code isthe June 2008 edition, which applies to accounting periods beginning on or after 29 June 2008. CG is important as it contributes both to business prosperity and to accountability. A Few Best Practices of CG in the UK United Utilities - Company of the Year 2009 The largest listed water company in the UK, United Utilities, owns, operates and maintains utility assets such as water, wastewater, electricity and gas. The company's commitment towards corporate social and environmental responsibilities has been demonstrated through its

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL THEORY CHAPTER 10 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL THEORY CHAPTER 10 - Article Example Merton studied social phenomena by studying the meanings people attach to their actions, using the methodological approach, structural-functionalism which was in vogue in the 1930s. Merton maintained that structural-functionalism is predicated upon three assumptions. The first assumption is that social systems are self-regulating and tend towards a state of equilibrium. The second assumption is that every social practice contributes to the survival of the social system to which it belongs. The third assumption is that every social practice is indispensible just as the brain and the heart are to human beings. On the converse, Merton made postulation that the degree of integration in a social system is an empirical variable and can vary from institution or society or time to the next. Merton also contended that social practices are not really functional for the entire cultural or social system. Merton also questioned the idea of universal functionalism, as the assumption that every social practice fulfills vital functions in ensuring the survival of a system. Merton also disputed the concept of indispensability, as the concept that every social practice is indispensible because it executes necessary function. To draw the proper functions of an organization, Merton drew the distinction between manifest and latent functions. With the former, he meant to denote objective consequences which contribute to the adaptation of the system recognized by participants in a system. Latent functions in turn means objectives that are neither intended noir recognized correlatively. When discussing the structural causes of bureaucratic dysfunctions, Merton points out that the ideal type of bureaucratic arrangements achieves high extent of efficiency due to application of rules that are predetermined categories of cases that preclude the need to issue certain instructions for a given

Corporate Governance and Revised Combined Code Essay

Corporate Governance and Revised Combined Code - Essay Example This was damaging both to the British economy and to the City of London as a market for investors. This series of situations prompted the Stock Exchange to launch the Cadbury Inquiry into the financial aspects of corporate governance in 1990. Corporate governance had become important. The Cadbury Committee Report of December 1992 defines corporate governance (CG) as 'a system by which companies are directed and controlled. Boards of directors are responsible for the governance of their companies. The shareholders' role in governance is to appoint the directors and the auditors and to satisfy themselves that the appropriate governance structure is in place.' The Higgs Report, 10 years later, however, defined CG as, 'a system that provides an architecture of accountability - the structures and processes to ensure companies are managed in the interests of their owners.' The OECD Report of April 1998 provides an international view of corporate governance. It says that 'Corporate governance comprehends that structure of relationships and corresponding responsibilities among a core group consisting of shareholders, board members and managers are best designed to foster the competitive performance required to achieve the corporation's primary objective.' A number of best practices code in CG has emerged as a result ... andard good practices for all company related matters such as board composition and development, remuneration, accountability and audit and relations with shareholders. The Cadbury Committee (1992) recognised that the board of directors in a company should be free to drive their companies ahead but at the same time function within a framework of accountability. The Code was updated by the Hampel Committee in 1998, embracing the recommendations of the Cadbury and Greenbury committee, as well as the Hampel committee. The Combined Code was updated in 2003 with the recommendations of the Higgs Report about the role of non-executive directors and the role of the audit committee (the Smith Report). During this time the UK Government also confirmed that the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) was to have the responsibility for publishing and maintaining the Code. In 2006, further changes were made by the FRC to the code. The latest consultations on a proposal to revise the Combined Code will end in March 2010, after which the UK Corporate Governance Code, as it will be known, will apply to financial years beginning on or after 29 June 2010. First introduced in 1998, The Combined Code has been updated at intervals. The current version of the Code isthe June 2008 edition, which applies to accounting periods beginning on or after 29 June 2008. CG is important as it contributes both to business prosperity and to accountability. A Few Best Practices of CG in the UK United Utilities - Company of the Year 2009 The largest listed water company in the UK, United Utilities, owns, operates and maintains utility assets such as water, wastewater, electricity and gas. The company's commitment towards corporate social and environmental responsibilities has been demonstrated through its

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Richard III and Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Richard III and Shakespeare Essay In Richard III, Shakespeare draws its readers to participate in a fantasy of total control and domination. In the opening speech, Richard presents himself as a self-made villain, offering justification for his plans to execute the victims. However like every true villain, Richard has his henchman, Duke of Buckingham, who obeys his every whim and wish. As Richards co-conspirator, Buckinghams role in the play is important and he is termed by Richard as my other self. This slavish obedience was not free, as Richard promises him great reward for his evil support. As a conspirator, Bucking knew the detail of Richard’s countless murders, and above all Buckingham was the executer of Richard’s evil plans. As a result some historians have assumed that Buckingham was eyeing the throne of England, which is far from truth, even if we study his character from historical perspective. Historical Buckingham Duke of Buckingham was associated to the royal family in many ways through his daughters and sons. Buckinghams paternal grandfather was Humphrey Stafford, the 1st Duke of Buckingham, who was also the grandson and successor of Thomas of Woodstock, youngest son of Edward III, while his (paternal) grandmother Anne Neville was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt from his daughter side. His grandfather (maternal) Edmund Beaufort was a grandson of John of Gaunt, the youngest son of his son John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset. Buckinghams maternal grandmother Eleanor Beauchamp was descended from a daughter of William Marshal. Looking at this list of connections with royal family of England, some historian has assumed that, Buckingham had his eyes on throne. But the truth is, his chances of inheriting the throne were slim, despite the constant clashes among the Edward III lineage and in the houses of Lancaster and York. No doubt Buckingham was within unusual distance of the crown of England, his plotting of the throne of England is far from being plausible. Buckingham was born in 1454 during the reign of Henry VI, his father was killed at the first battle of St Albans in 1455, and his grandfather, the first Duke of Buckingham was killed in 1460, five years later. At the age of 11, he was acknowledged as Duke of Buckingham; and soon he became ward of the Queen Elizabeth Woodville. In the following year, he was forced to marry Catherine Woodville, the queen’s sister who was much older than him, which he hated all his life. After the death of Edward IV in 1483, Woodville’s tussled with Richard over the guardianship of the young Edward, Buckingham sided with Richard. As the parliament declared Edward V illegitimate and allowed Richard to ascend the throne and became Richard III. Buckingham supported Richard in the beginning, but later on associated himself with John Morton, Bishop of Ely, and his second cousin Henry Tudor against Richard in the war of succession. In 1483, this dispute grew, Henry Tudor tried to take the throne from Richard, Buckingham at this time was a stunch supoorter of Tudor, raised an army in Wales and marched against Richard to distract his attention. However Richard managed to put down the rebillion ,while Henrys ships were devsated by a storm which forced him to go back to Brittany. The storm also ruined Buckingham army, and the army desertated him, leaving him no way, but to escape in haste,however he was captured easily due to the bounty on his head. Richard convicted him of treason and he was beheaded in Salisbury without any delay Shakespeare Portrayal of Buckingham Shakespeare main source for writing the Richard III was Sir Thomas Moore’s History of Richard III, which reflects the caricature of Richard rather than the true Richard. It was but natural to portray Richard and his supporters as evil incarnate as the play demanded, Bucking was no exception. We must remember that Shakespeare was an entertainer rather than a historian, his aim was to create dramatic effect, which can be achieved by portraying the main characters as evil incarnate and he was successful in it. In the drama readers are introduced in (Act II) as Richard asks Buckingham to make him in his â€Å"unity†, Buckingham reply makes him happy. Shakespeare has depicted Buckingham as a crony, who in order to pleases his master cross all limits. In Act II, Elizabeth appears dishevelled and breaks the news that King is dead, Richard pretends to console her, while Bucking makes a false promise to bring Edward, Prince of Wales to London for coronation, instead the boys are taken to the Tower.. In the meantime Richard charges queen and Jane shore with sorcery and involves Hastings as well. Richard senses that Hastings is sympathetic towards the young king, which was enough suspicion to execute him. It seems Richard knew that Hastings could not trusted and was not trust worthy to confide him with his ultimate objective. Hasting is accused of plotting and without being given a chance for any explanation rushed to execution, despite being loyal to his master . It happens in front of Buckingham, but he feels no remorse nor any regret for the man who was innocently slaughtered. Soon Buckingham moves on Richard’s plan of convincing the London mayor and the citizens that Edwards IV sons are bastards and have no legitimacy to claim the throne. Buckinghams beats the drum of the wickedness of Edward IV, and his impure lineage (children). After spiting venom against the innocent children, he hears what he wanted to hear from the crowd King Richard! King Richard! which is accepted as an excuse for the allowing Richard to ascend the crown. Buckingham leads the aldermen and the chief citizens â€Å"in their best manner appareled† to Baynards Castle. Richard feigns that he has no idea, why have they come to him. Buckingham the lead player of the plot shouts up, imploring him to become king to fulfill people wishes. Richard pretends to reject their offer, but as the plan was devised successfully, Buckingham whispers, if Richard is unwilling, they have to find some one else. Richard in a show of great humility accepts the heavy burden of kingship. Buckingham continues to follow the whims of his master and orders Tyrrel to kill† those bastards† in the Tower and spreading the news that Lady Anee is dying. Buckingham does not hesitate for a moment to comply with the needs of his masters , aiding him in all his evil deeds. After becoming King Richard does not feel any more need of Buckingham and soon Buckingham falls from favour, especially when he reminds Richard of his promise of granting him earldom. Richard vehemently dismisses Buckingham and he switches his role from a sycophant to a rebel. Throughout the play Buckingham is playing the role of true sycophant, who does not hesitate to go to any limits as long it can please his master. Shakespeare has portrayed Buckingham as a chief agent and a henchman, who is born to conspire and please his master and get his blessings. This portrayal may not be historically accurate, but the accuracy was not an issue for Shakespeare. Being a dramatist he was writing for the sake of making business and entertainment, he has to portray what was easily comprehensible by the viewers in black and white. If the purpose is depicting evil, he would not hesitate to portray the hero of drama as evil as possible to create the dramatic effect, in which he was always successful. Shakespeare Characters According to Aristotle, â€Å"Character reveals personal choice, the kinds of things a man chooses or rejects which are not obvious†. Good characterization makes characters round and complex and larger than life to create realism in a pieace of literature. Modern historians find Buckingham portrayal as a distortion of historical truth, but Shakespeare was writing for entertainment, in which characters had to be larger than life. None of his plays were written for the sake of recording history accurately, but for entertainment and earning a livelihood. Richard’s is depicted in extreme to achieve maximum dramatic effect and so are all his villains, ultimate evil. In Aristotles treatment of character, a person acquires virtues through habitual behaviors and practices. The purpose of dramatis personae in tragedy is to teach the craft of ethical evaluation. Shakespeares characters are basically rhetoric or a linguistic agent, which expresses an important part of the truth about the world. According to Dryden, Shakespeare understood the passions of his characters and expressed them with certainty, subtlety and power. Shakespeares villains are born villains and evil to the core. For example Richard plans to usurp the throne by creating an opportunity, which did not exist. Shakespeare studied human beings very intimately and presented their inner most motives and thoughts in a simple and direct way. For example the opening scene of Othello characterizes Iago as a foul-mouthed sargeant with a malicious love for creating trouble and a hatred for Othello. The strength of Shakespeares plays lies in the absorbing stories they tell and in their wealth of complex characters with eloquent speeches depicted forcefully. Shakespeares characters are neither wholly good nor wholly evil, but it is their inconsistent nature that makes them memorable. In Twelfth Night, Viola is given the impossible task of delivering a message, while Olivia has banned all the visitors. Shakespeare creates a way perhaps by asking himself, how would a person deal in this situation, thus creating a unique way to see Viola meet Olivia. His characters do not appear out of nowhere, but are creation of the situation. For example the fatal flaw in Macbeth is ambition, but that’s not what Shakespeare shows to his audience, instead Macbeth is shown as an ordinary man, who is in an extra ordinary situation by sheer stroke of luck. Instead of becoming content at his success, Macbeth becomes restless and resorts to murder after murder to acquire the kingdom by all means possible. Othellos downfall is not because of jealousy, but it was the situation, which propelled him to behave in way, he behaved. Shakespearean characters have some motivation and the whole play revolves around it. For example Buckingham chief motivation was to gain rewards from the King, which kept him motivated, and he played on in all the events. It is assumed by the critics that his chief motivation was to become King, which is far from truth for the reason that even when he sided Tudor, he was still playing the role of a catalyst, rather than aspiring the throne. Its always motivation in one form or other, for example Macbeth is motivated by greed, Hamlet by ambition, and Shylock by revenge. It is often the crisis and dilemma, which shows the best of Shakespeare’s characters. The dilemma for Macbeth is, should he kill Duncan, for Othello the decisive matter is, whether Desdemona has actually been unfaithful? Hamlet is obsessed with the pain of indecisiveness and he cannot decide to kill or not to kill. For Buckingham once rejected by King, it was but natural not to trust him anymore, especially when the whole course of events were made possible by him. Had these character acted contrary to the their natural evolution, they would have looked factious and unrealistic and Shakespeare as writer would have died long ago. Shakespeares stories are situational and his characters evolve throughout the play. The protagonist in his plays do not stop but keep on evolving which keeps the audience enthralled till the end. Buckingham was unknown till Act II, and it is often hard for audience to consider him a major player in the series of events, soon he over takes the other supporting roles and in liaison with Richard untangles the web of conspiracies keeping the audience enthralled by his evil performance, which continues till the end of play. Buckingham was a man living in shadow till he finds Richard; combination of these two evil characters is a perfect prescription for a memorable play. There is no doubt, Shakespeare would have studied the history related to Richard and Buckingham era, but the question is not the historical accuracy of the Richards era, but rather assessing, how much Shakespeare is successful as a dramatist. For a modern reader it little matters, where does Buckingham stand in the course of history, but its Shakespeare’s pen, which made Buckingham immortal in history. Looking at the Richard III as a historical play, there is no doubt that Richard III is the image of an evil king among all his historical plays, and Buckingham as a major catalyst leads the events to its natural end. Conclusion Before Richard came into power, he needed supporters to achieve his political agenda, Duke of Buckingham proved to be the perfect man to execute his biddings. One reason was that during the service of Queen, Buckingham was not given enough attention and excluded from the royal patronage; Richard not only gave him attention, but also delegated royal authority. It was natural for Buckingham to be loyal and prove his loyalty by offering unflinching support, especially when Richard increase in power meant increase in his power. Moore presents Buckingham as a god-fearing figure who was brutal in his ambition, splendid in duplicity, yet lacking in substance. According to him, Buckingham was a fearful man, who was convinced by playing in Richard’s hand, that he has offended the young Edward V. Bucking feels, he is in danger, Should Edward assume power. However Buckingham knows that opposing Richard is playing with fire, as Richard was ruthless in dealing. However Moore tells, he repented his wrong doings and sided Tudor due to principal not out of personal greed. It is true that no one received as many favours as Buckingham due to which contemporary writers suspect that Bucking owned enormous powers and was planning to usurp throne for himself. But the truth is Richard was a man, who could not be stopped at any thing to reach his ambition. All his life, Richard has betrayed the people who were his relatives by blood. He used his supporters Hastings and Buckingham and then deserted them on lame excuses. After the study of Buckingham history, it is clear that Bucking did not have the capacity to overthrow the King. The families contesting for throne of England were powerful related to each other by blood; Buckingham could not reach their status. He could only win power and prestige by siding in this war of succession, which he honestly did all his life. Shakespeare may have portrayed Buckingham a bit more evil, who would go to any limits to please his master, still its not that far away for the true Buckingham, who supported Richard as long all his life and later on supported Tudors. However we cannot blame Buckingham for being involved in the royal tussle, as this is what noblemen of his times used to do to reach the zenith of the court life. Reference: Stewart (1949), Character and Motive in Shakespeare: Some Recent Appraisals Examined, Longmann. Bristol, Michael D (2003), Reading Shakespeares Characters: Rhetoric, Ethics, and Identity Christy. H (1994), Hamlet and the Concept of Character, Shakespeare Quarterly Summer Vol. 45. Richard III (2003), A Guide to the Utah Shakespearean Festival Insights. The Life and Death of King Richard III (2005), Wikopedia.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework

Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework Provision of Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework for Bigdata application Ms.S.Rengalakshmi,  Mr.S.Alaudeen Basha Abstract: The term big-data refers to the large-scale distributed data processing applications that operate on large amounts of data. MapReduce and Apache’s Hadoop of Google, are the essential software systems for big-data applications. A large amount of intermediate data are generated by MapReduce framework. After the completion of the task this abundant information is thrown away .So MapReduce is unable to utilize them. In this approach, we propose provision of cache manager to reduce the workload of MapReduce framework along with the idea of data filter method for big-data applications. In provision of cache manager, tasks submit their intermediate results to the cache manager. A task checks the cache manager before executing the actual computing work. A cache description scheme and a cache request and reply protocol are designed. It is expected that provision of cache manager to reduce the workload of MapReduce will improve the completion time of MapReduce jobs. Key words: big-data; MapReduce; Hadoop; Caching. I. Introduction With the evolution of information technology, enormous expanses of data have become increasingly obtainable at outstanding volumes. Amount of data being gathered today is so much that, 90% of the data in the world nowadays has been created in the last two years [1]. The Internet impart a resource for compiling extensive amounts of data, Such data have many sources including large business enterprises, social networking, social media, telecommunications, scientific activities, data from traditional sources like forms, surveys and government organizations, and research institutions [2]. The term Big Data refers to 3 v’s as volume, variety, velocity and veracity. This provides the functionalities of Apprehend, analysis, storage, sharing, transfer and visualization [3].For analyzing unstructured and structured data, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and Mapreduce paradigm provides a Parallelization and distributed processing. Huge amount data is complex and difficult to process using on-hand database management tools, desktop statistics, database management systems or traditional data processing applications and visualization packages. The traditional method in data processing had only smaller amount of data and has very slow processing [4]. A big data might be petabytes (1,024 terabytes) or exabytes (1,024 petabytes) of data composed of billions to trillions of records of millions of people—all from different sources (e.g. Web, sales, customer center for communication, social media. The data is loosely structured and most of the data are not in a complete manner and not easily accessible[5]. The challenges include capturing of data, analysis for the requirement, searching the data, sharing, storage of data and privacy violations. The trend to larger data sets is due to the additional information derivable from analysis of a single large set of data which are related to one another, as matched to distinguish smaller sets with the same total density of data, expressing correlations to be found to identify business routines[10].Scientists regularly find constraints because of large data sets in areas, including meteorology, genomics. The limitations also affect Internet search, financial transactions and information related business trends. Data sets develop in size in fraction because they are increasingly accumulated by ubiquitous information-sensing devices relating mobility. The challenge for large enterprises is determining who should own big data initiatives that straddle the entire organization. MapReduce is useful in a wide range of applications,such as distributed pattern-based searching technique, sorting in a distributed system, web link-graph reversal, Singular Value Decomposition, web access log stats, index construction in an inverted manner, document clustering , machine learning, and machine translation in statistics. Moreover, the MapReduce model has been adapted to several computing environments. Googles index of the World Wide Web is regenerated using MapReduce. Early stages of ad hoc programs that updates the index and various analyses can be executedis replaced by MapReduce. Google has moved on to technologies such as Percolator, Flume and MillWheel that provides the operation of streaming and updates instead of batch processing, to allow integrating live search results without rebuilding the complete index. Stable input data and output results of MapReduce are stored in a distributed file system. The ephemeral data is stored on local disk and retrieved by the reducers remotely. In 2001,Big data defined by industry analyst Doug Laney (currently with Gartner) as the three Vs : namevolume, velocity and variety [11]. Big data can be characterized by well-known 3Vs: the extreme density of data, the various types of data and the swiftness at which the data must be processed. II. Literature survey Minimization of execution time in data processing of MapReduce jobs has been described by Abhishek Verma, Ludmila Cherkasova, Roy H. Campbell [6]. This is to buldge their MapReduce clusters utilization to reduce their cost and to optimize the Mapreduce jobs execution on the Cluster. Subset of production workloads developed by unstructured information that consists of MapReduce jobs without dependency and the order in which these jobs are performed can have good impact on their inclusive completion time and the cluster resource utilization is recognized. Application of the classic Johnson algorithm that was meant for developing an optimal two-stage job schedule for identifying the shortest path in directed weighted graph has been allowed. Performance of the constructed schedule via unquantifiable set of simulations over a various workloads and cluster-size dependent. L. Popa, M. Budiu, Y. Yu, and M. Isard [7]: Based on append-only, partitioned datasets, many large-scale (cloud) computations will operate. In these circumstances, two incremental computation frameworks to reuse prior work in these can be shown: (1) reusing similar computations already performed on data partitions, and (2) computing just on the newly appended data and merging the new and previous results. Advantage: Similar Computation is used and partial results can be cached and reused. Machine learning algorithm on Hadoop at the core of data analysis, is described by Asha T, Shravanthi U.M, Nagashree N, Monika M [1] . Machine Learning Algorithms are recursive and sequential and the accuracy of Machine Learning Algorithms depend on size of the data where, considerable the data more accurate is the result. Reliable framework for Machine Learning is to work for bigdata has made these algorithms to disable their ability to reach the fullest possible. Machine Learning Algorithms need data to be stored in single place because of its recursive nature. MapRedure is the general and technique for parallel programming of a large class of machine learning algorithms for multicore processors. To achieve speedup in the multi-core system this is used. P. Scheuermann, G. Weikum, and P. Zabback [9] I_O parallelism can be exploited in two ways by Parallel disk systems namely inter-request and intra-request parallelism. There are some main issues in performance tuning of such systems.They are: striping and load balancing. Load balancing is performed by allocation and dynamic redistributions of the data when access patterns change. Our system uses simple but heuristics that incur only little overhead. D. Peng and F. Dabek [12] an index of the web is considered as documents can be crawled. It needs a continuous transformation of a large repository of existing documents when new documents arrive.Due to these tasks, databases do not meet the the requirements of storage or throughput of these tasks: Huge amount of data(in petabytes) can be stored by Google’s indexing system and processes billions of millions updates per day on wide number of machines. Small updates cannot be processed individually by MapReduce and other batch-processing systems because of their dependency on generating large batches for efficiency. By replacing a batch-based indexing system with an indexing system based on incremental processing using Percolator, we process the similar number of data documents averagely per day, happens during the reduction of the average age of documents in Google search which is resulted by 50%. Utilization of the big data application in Hadoop clouds is described by Weiyi Shang, Zhen Ming Jiang, Hadi Hemmati, Bram Adams, Ahmed E. Hassan, Patrick Martin[13]. To analyze huge parallel processing frameworks, Big Data Analytics Applications is used. These applications build up them using a little model of data in a pseudo-cloud environment. Afterwards, they arrange the applications in a largescale cloud situation with notably more processing organize and larger input data. Runtime analysis and debugging of such applications in the deployment stage cannot be easily addressed by usual monitoring and debugging approaches. This approach drastically reduces the verification effort when verifying the deployment of BDA Apps in the cloud. Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Michael J. Franklin, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica [14] MapReduce and its variants have been highly successful in implementing large-scale data-intensive applications on clusters of commodity base. These systems are built around an model which is acyclic in data flow which is very less suitable for other applications. This paper focuses on one such class of applications: those that reuse a working set of data across multiple operations which is parallel. This encompasses many machine learning algorithms which are iterative. A framework cnamed Spark which ropes these applications and retains the scalability and tolerantes fault of MapReduce has been proposed. To achieve these goals, Spark introduces an abstraction called resilient distributed datasets (RDDs). An RDD is a read-only collection of objects which are partitioned across a set of machines. It can be rebuilt if a partition is lost. Spark is able to outperform Hadoop in iterative machine learning jobs and can be used to interactively query around and above 35 GB dataset with sub-second response time. This paper presents an approach cluster computing framework named Spark, which supports working sets while providing similar scalability and fault tolerance properties to MapReduce III. Proposed method An Objective of proposed System is to the underutilization of CPU processes, the growing importance of MapReduce performance and to establish an efficient data analysis framework for handling the large data Drift in the workloads from enterprise through the exploration of data handling mechanism like parallel database such as Hadoop. Figure 1: Provision of Cache Manager III.A.Provision of Dataset To Map Phase : Cache refers to the intermediate data that is produced by worker nodes/processes during the execution of a Map Reduce task. A piece of cached data is stored in a Distributed File System (DFS). The content of a cache item is described by the original data and the operations applied. A cache item is explained by a 2-tuple: Origin, Operation. The name of a file is denoted by Origin in the DFS. Linear list of available operations performed on the Origin file is denoted by Operaion. Example, consider in the word count application, each mapper node or process emits a list of word, counting tuples that record the count of each word in the file that the mapper processes. Cache manager stores this list to a file. This file becomes a cache item. Here, item refers to white-space-separated character strings. Note that the new line character is also considered as one of the whitespaces, so item precisely captures the word in a text file and item count directly corresponds to the word count operat ion performed on the data file. The input data are get selected by the user in the cloud. The input files are splitted. And then that is given as the input to the map phase. The input to the map phase are very important. These input are processed by the map phase. III.B.Analyze in Cache Manager: Mapper and reducer nodes/processes record cache items into their local storage space. On the completion of these operations , the cache items are directed towards the cache manager, which acts like an inter-mediator in the publish/subscribe model. Then recording of the description and the file name of the cache item in the DFS is performed by cache manager. The cache item should be placed on the same machine as the worker process that generates it. So data locality will be improved by this requirement. The cache manager maintains a copy of the mapping between the cache descriptions and the file names of the cache items in its main memory to accelerate queries. Permanently to avoid the data loss, it also flushes the mapping file into the disk periodically. Before beginning the processing of an input data file, the cache manager is contacted by a worker node/process. The file name and the operations are send by the worker process that it plans to apply to the file to the cache manager. Upon receiving this message, the cache manager compares it with the stored mapping data. If an exact match to a cache item is found, i.e., its origin is the same as the file name of the request and its operations are the same as the proposed operations that will be performed on the data file, then a reply containing the tentative description of the cache item is sent by the cache manager to the worker process.On receiving the tentative description,the worker node will fetch the cache item. For processing further, the worker has to send the file to the next-stage worker processes. The mapper has to inform the cache manager that it already processed the input file splits for this job. These results are then reported by the cache manager to the next phase reducers. If the cache service is not utilized by the reducers then the output in the map phase can be directly shuffled to form the input for the reducers. Otherwise, a more complex process is performed to get the required cache ite ms. If the proposed operations are different from the cache items in the manager’s records, there are situations where the origin of the cache item is the same as the requested file, and the operations of the cache item are a strict subset of the proposed operations. On applying some additional operations on the subset item, the item is obtained. This fact is the concept of a strict super set. For example, an item count operation is a strict subset operation of an item count followed by a selection operation. This fact means that if the system have a cache item for the first operation, then the selection operation can be included, that guarantees the correctness of the operation. To perform a previous operation on this new input data is troublesome in conventional MapReduce, because MapReduce does not have the tools for readily expressing such incremental operations. Either the operation has to be performed again on the new input data, or the developers of application need to manually cache the stored intermediate data and pick them up in the incremental processing. Application developers have the ability to express their intentions and operations by using cache description and to request intermediate results through the dispatching service of the cache manager.The request is transferred to the cache manager. The request is analyzed in the cache manager. If the data is present in the cache manager means then that is transferred to the map phase. If the data is not present in the cache manager means then there is no response to the map phase. IV.Conclusion Map reduce framework generates large amount of intermediate data. But, this framework is unable to use the intermediate data. This system stores the task intermediate data in the cache manager. It uses the intermediate data in the cache manager before executing the actual computing work.It can eliminate all the duplicate tasks in incremental Map Reduce jobs. V. Future work In the current system the data are not deleted at certain time period. It decreases the efficiency of the memory. The cache manager stores the intermediate files. In future, these intermediate files can be deleted based on time period will be proposed. New datasets can be saved. So the memory management of the proposed system can be highly improved. VI. References [1] Asha, T., U. M. Shravanthi, N. Nagashree, and M. Monika. Building Machine Learning Algorithms on Hadoop for Bigdata. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 2 (2013). [2] Begoli, Edmon, and James Horey. Design Principles for Effective Knowledge Discovery from Big Data. In Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on, pp. 215-218. IEEE, 2012. [3] Zhang, Junbo, Jian-Syuan Wong, Tianrui Li, and Yi Pan. A comparison of parallel large-scale knowledge acquisition using rough set theory ondifferent MapReduce runtime systems. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (2013) [4] Vaidya, Madhavi. Parallel Processing of cluster by Map Reduce. International Journal of Distributed Parallel Systems 3, no. 1 (2012). [5] Apache HBase. Available at http://hbase.apache.org [6] Verma, Abhishek, Ludmila Cherkasova, and R. Campbell. Orchestrating an Ensemble of MapReduce Jobs for Minimizing Their Makespan. (2013): 1-1. [7] L. Popa, M. Budiu, Y. Yu, and M. Isard, Dryadinc:Reusing work in large-scale computations, in Proc. ofHotCloud’09, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2009 [8] T. Karagiannis, C. Gkantsidis, D. Narayanan, and A.Rowstron, Hermes: Clustering users in large-scale e-mailservices, in Proc. of SoCC ’10, New York, NY, USA, 2010. [9] P. Scheuermann, G. Weikum, and P. Zabback, Datapartitioning and load balancing in parallel disk systems,The VLDB Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 48-66, 1998. [10] Parmeshwari P. Sabnis, Chaitali A.Laulkar , â€Å"SURVEY OF MAPREDUCE OPTIMIZATION METHODS†, ISSN (Print): 2319- 2526, Volume -3, Issue -1, 2014 [11] Puneet Singh Duggal ,Sanchita Paul ,â€Å" Big Data Analysis:Challenges and Solutions†, International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and Trust 2013, Nov 13-15, RGPV [12] D. Peng and F. Dabek, Largescale incremental processingusing distributed transactions and notifications, in Proc. ofOSDI’ 2010, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010 [13] Shvachko, Konstantin, Hairong Kuang, Sanjay Radia, and Robert Chansler. The hadoop distributed file system. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2010 IEEE 26th Symposium on, pp. 1-10. IEEE, 2010. [14] â€Å"Spark: Cluster Computing withWorking Sets â€Å"Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Michael J. Franklin, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica University of California, Berkeley

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Truth vs. Fiction in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Un

Truth vs. Fiction in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Uncle Tom's Cabin It is often said that truth is stranger than fiction. Perhaps, this is so, as truth wears no veil; it is stark reality. There are no soft edges in truth. Only the most zealous hunters, those willing to meet the sword, actively seek it. The majority, while considering ourselves open to the truth, may only realize it when it comes disguised as something else. In short, it seems that we need to see it as not threatening, but molded and plied into something we can digest. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave is a brilliant and powerful piece which details one of the worst times in American History. After reading Douglass' work, those seeking the truth about slavery could not help but to have been compelled to denounce this institution and those who upheld it. Yet, while there are many who undoubtedly applauded his work, those were difficult times with no easy answers, and truth is relative, at best. In sharp contrast to Douglass' eloquent narrative is H arriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. This piece of sentimental fiction, while based on factual accounts, offered Americans an idealized view of slavery. The slaves were relatively content with their kind masters, and the vivid images of brutality that Douglass describes are not seen in Uncle Tom's Cabin. However, Stowe, writing from a woman's standpoint, presented her own truth in a context that Americans could relate to at the time. In spite of her gender and subsequent social position, and perhaps because of it, through her fiction, Stowe succeeded in portraying the institution of slavery for the abomination that it was. Both Uncle Tom's Cabin a... .... The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/domestic.htmhttp://philjohn.com/papers/pjkd_ga06.html#h43v Lauter, John. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. Mieder, Wolfgang. Do Unto Others as You Would Have Them Do Unto You:Frederick Douglass' Proverbial Struggle for Civil Rights . Journal of American Folklore 114 no453 331-57 Summ 2001. Piacentino, Ed. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Explicator 58 no3 135-8 Spr 2000. Stowe, Harriet B. Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. Stowe, Harriet B. The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new?id=StoKeyu&tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Netflix Essay -- Technology, DVD Rentals

Introduction Reed Hastings (co-founded) founded Netflix in 1997. During this time, Netflix offered DVD rentals by mail. As Netflix went public in 2002, shortly a year later their subscription reached the one million mark (Netflix Management, 2011). Recently, Netflix is recognized as one of the 50 most innovative companies, ranking number eight for â€Å"streaming itself into a $9 billion powerhouse (and crushing Blockbuster)† with 20 million subscribers (fastcompany.com, 2011). This success shows how Netflix embraced a business approach where their mission was to take the troublesome experience of everyday consumers and transform them into a business opportunity. Below illustrates how Netflix rank in other categories. Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Film Netflix Double Negative Real D Dreamworks Video YouTube Twitter Netflix FX Web Companies Twitter Google Zynga Netflix Learning Team A will describes and evaluate Netflix’s innovation strategy, the specific products offered to their members, and the benefits that the company brings to its customers and employees. To begin, innovation goes beyond an invention. It captures the opportunity for change, growth, and market leadership that allows leaps within the industry in multiple ways (Pearce & Robinson, 2011, p. 376). Simply stated on Merriam-Webster.com, innovation is â€Å"the introduction to something new; a new idea, method, or device† Netflix’s Innovative Overview The outlook for Netflix has developed a trend of continuous growth with subscribers and providing products with a substantial cost advantage by distributing a wide variety of titles that appeal to different customer groups (Anthony, 2005). The success of Netflix was simply listening to consumer’s feedback regard... ...a remarkable opportunity to grow in the industry and lead as an innovative provider, Netflix has much opportunity to satisfy its customers and maintain their attention with their revolutionary business growth (Martala, 2009). Their success goes beyond their product. As stated, it is a combination of their culture of high performance drivers and fosters the â€Å"freedom and responsibility† mindset (Elliott, 2010). Because of their innovation and gradual entry into the market, Netflix has the competitive advantage to add layers of products for growth for years to come. Currently, Netflix has the competitive advantage to increase price and retain their current customer base. Even more beneficial, is the opportunity to attract additional subscribers with their new features. To end this, combining their products, price, culture, and strategic plan makes Netflix innovative.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Procedure to Deal with Accident, Emergency and Illness

AWARENESS OF ILLNESSES Common illnesses: †¢Looks pale†¢Dark rings around eyes †¢Quiet or irritable†¢Lost appetite †¢Has a rash or looks flush†¢Appears more tired or lethargic Serious illnesses: †¢Severe bleeding †¢Chocking †¢Unconsciousness†¢Epileptic seizure †¢Suspected fractures†¢Breathing difficulties †¢Head injuries†¢Disorientation ACCIDENT PROCEDURES Immediate action should be taken as follows: †¢Reassure the child †¢Do not move the child unless it is absolutely necessary If children are unconscious they should be put into the recovery position †¢Do not give the child any food or drink †¢Keep the child warm †¢Ensure other children in the area are not at risk of being hurt †¢assistance will be sought from one of the appointed persons responsible for first aid. †¢Parents will be contacted in the event of illness or serious accident. †¢In addition to contacting of parents an ambulance will be called if required. †¢At the close of a serious incident the school should review its handling of the situation to see if there needs to be change to its procedures. Reporting accidents/injuries: Accidents/injuries need to be recorded in the accident books in the first aid box and a letter should be sent to parents. †¢All bumped heads should be recorded and a letter sent to parents. †¢Very serious incidents, e. g. where an ambulance is called need to be recorded on an accident report form, available in the office FIRE EMERGENCY Anyone discovering fire or smoke should raise the alarm by breaking the glass at the nearest alarm point. On hearing the alarm: †¢Direct children to walk quietly to the nearest exit and then walk quietly in single file to the assembly points on the playground. †¢Children will line up in register order. Ensure that the classroom is empty before leaving. †¢Everyone on site, children and adults, must leave by th e nearest exit. †¢Two designated members of staff will check the children's toilets are empty. †¢Classes should stand still and quiet until asked to re-enter the building. †¢School Bursar or Admin Assistant will call the fire brigade and check that the medical room is empty. Admin staff will also unlock the playground gate to allow access for the fire brigade. MISSING CHILD PROCEDURE Child goes missing on the school premises †¢As soon as it is noticed that a child is missing report to the teacher responsible. Responsible teacher will organise a thorough search of the school building and grounds. †¢The register is checked to make sure no other child has also gone astray. †¢Doors and gates are checked to see if there has been a breach of security whereby a child could wander out. †¢If the child is not found, the parent is contacted and the missing child is reported to the police. †¢The responsible teacher contacts the Executive Head Teacher and reports the incident. †¢The Executive Head Teacher, with the Governing Body, carries out an investigation and may come to the setting immediately.Child goes missing on the off school premises: †¢The Group Leader must ensure the safety of remaining pupils. At least two adults must stay with them. †¢One or more adults should immediately start searching for the child. †¢The Visit Leader should contact school to alert them. †¢If the child is not found within 5 minutes, the Group Leader must contact police by telephoning 999. †¢The Group Leader should alert school that the police have been contacted and school will make arrangements to notify parents.